The hate frame in "Wiadomości" TVP. Case studies

The aim of the article is to conceptualize and operationalize a new news frame, so far absent in the media studies - the hate frame, and to show how it is used in the news programs of the public television (in "Wiadomości" TVP). The analyzed definitions of hate speech show that its essence is xenophobic, racist, anti-Semitic, anti-immigrant and intolerant opinions, emphasizing negative stereotypes about the attacked individuals and groups. As a result, they can lead to acts of hatred against specific social groups, national or sexual minorities.

I assumed that the hate frame in the news uses hate speech, becoming a tool for the communication strategy of political propaganda. The hate frame refers to stereotypes, prejudices, feelings of hatred and contempt for groups/people/people perceived as culturally, racially, religiously, or morally different, arousing the recipients' resentment towards them.

The presented and analyzed examples in the news program of the public television (TVP) confirm the assumed hypothesis about the existence of a specific frame of hate, different from other frames. Its form consists in the use of specific linguistic and visual means. It refers to topics that cause tensions and social emotions, such as issues of LGBT+, the Women's Strike or immigrants from the Middle East. What characterizes the hate frame is its political instrumentalization, which has made the public media a tool of propaganda and manipulation.