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Praca podejmuje szeroko rozumianą metodologię statystyczną dotyczącą analizy rozkładu dochodów i nierówności dochodowych. W ostatnim czasie obserwuje się wzrost zainteresowanie badaniami nierówności, niesprawiedliwości i ubóstwa, a także wymiarem praktycznym tych badań. W monografii prezentowana jest szeroka gama mierników nierówności, wywodzących się z różnych podejść: opisowego, aksjomatycznego oraz normatywnego, w tym współczynnik Giniego, Theila i Zengi. Przeanalizowane zostały ich wzajemne związki i specyfika każdego z nich. Podkreślone została ważność i wartość mierników punktowych (w odróżnieniu od syntetycznych). Koncepcja analizy nierówności dochodowych została także rozszerzona na nierówności między rozkładami. Przedstawiona jest również szeroka gama podejść, z możliwością koncentrowania się na wybranych aspektach różnic między rozkładami – na przykład, na deprywacji wyróżnionej grupy. Opisywane są podejścia oparte na rozkładzie względnym oraz uogólnione miary dominacji ekonomicznej, a także rodzina miar nierówności między dochodami oparta na kwantylach. Obok rozważań teoretycznych przeprowadzono także empiryczne analizy oparte na danych indywidualnych, dotyczących rozkładzie dochodów gospodarstw domowych w Polsce w różnych przekrojach. Analiza ta obejmowała okres 2014–2020, co pozwoliło ocenić wpływ na nierówności dochodowe z jednej strony pandemii Covid-19, a z drugiej szybkiego wzrostu gospodarczego i programów społecznych. Przeprowadzono również analizy porównawcze rozkładów dochodów w Polsce i we Włoszech, w tym analizy luki płci.
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