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The problem of the continuity of science from the medieval to the modern times of the 17th century, when Galileo and Newton developed the correct theory of mechanics, occupied historians of science from the beginning of the 20th century. Some believe that the fourteenth-century English scholars who created the School of Oxford Calculators and their French and Italian followers. with their solutions, laid the foundations for the development of modern physics. Others believe that medieval natural philosophy made no contribution to the development of modern science. The presented book is a voice in this discussion and an attempt to answer the question about the continuity of science. Considering how much has been discovered, edited and written about the Oxford Calculators, the book reviews and compares the results of our research with works of the other historians’ research into the intellectual heritage of these 14th century English thinkers in order to enrich and update the views on the Oxford Calculators’ natural philosophy in perhaps its most fundamental aspect – at least from the point of view of Aristotle’s philosophy – namely the subject of “science of local motion.”
The discussion are mostly focused on topics that were important to medieval thinkers and not those that could be most interesting from the modern point of view, and the research are directed on the Oxford Calculators’ tradition in science toward a prospecting of the innovative character of their teaching, and here first of all against the background of Aristotelian theories, and then the subsequent search for possible innovations which could have inspired early modern scientists.
As the conclusions of the research on the theories of Oxford calculators are still formulated mainly on the basis of analyzes of incomplete printed texts, the critical editions of Latin texts are offered. These are not only the most famous Calculators’ works, such as William Heytesbury’s De tribus praedicamentis: de motu locali or John Dumbleton’s Part III of the Summa logicae et philosophiae naturalis, but also of a hither to unknown work by Richard Kilvington, i.e., his question on local motion and the question on local motion written by the anonymous author of the treatise De sex inconvenientibus.
Bergamo, Biblioteca Civita Angelo Mai 481 (IV 7)
Brugge, Stedelijke Openbare Bibliotheek Hs. 497
Cambridge, Gonville & Caius College 499/268
Cambridge, Peterhouse College 272
Cesena, Biblioteca Malatestiana S. X. 5
Kraków, Biblioteka Jagiellońska 704
Kraków, Biblioteka Jagiellońska 621
Dubrovnik–Ragusa, Dominikanerbibliothek 32
Erfurt, Wissenschaftliche Allgemeinebibliothek, Amploniana Cms 2o 135
Erfurt, Wissenschaftliche Allgemeinebibliothek, Amploniana Cms 4o 270
Florence, Biblioteca Ricardiana 821
Klosterneuberg, Stifstbibliothek 670
Leipzig, Universitätsbibliothek 1360
Leipzig, Universitätsbibliothek 1370
Leipzig, Universitätsbibliothek 529
London, Library Royal 10. B
London, Lambeth Palace Library 79
London, Wellcome Historical Medical Library 350
Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 23530
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Canonici Miscellaneous 221
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Canonici Miscellaneous 409
Oxford, Bodleian Library, Canonici Miscellaneous 456
Oxford, Magdalen College Library & Archives 195
Oxford, Magdalen College Library & Archives 32
Oxford, Merton College Library 279
Oxford, Merton College Library 306
Padua, Biblioteca Universitaria di Padova 375
Padua, Biblioteca Universitaria di Padova 1123
Padua, Biblioteca Universitaria di Padova 1434
Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Fonds Latine 16146
Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Fonds Latine 16621
Paris, Bibliothèque Universitaire 599
Praha, Národní knihovna České republiky 1291
Praha, Knihovny pražské metropolitní kapituly R 396
San Giminiano, Biblioteca e Archivo comunale 25
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Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 6750;
Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. lat. 954;
Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat.lat. 2136
Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat.lat. 2138
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Venezia, Biblioteca Nazionale San Marco, lat. VIII. 38(3383);
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Verona, Biblioteca Civica 2881
Worcester, Bibliotheca Cathedral F. 23
Worcester, Bibliotheca Cathedral F. 6
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